Reference Companion

12 Lampiran Referensi Grammar TOEFL Lengkap

Kompilasi rumus, tabel kata kerja, pola struktur kalimat, dan glosarium istilah untuk menunjang kecepatan menjawab soal Structure and Written Expression.

1. Irregular Verbs 2. Verb Patterns 3. Preposition Collocations 4. Matriks 12 Tenses 5. Tabel Conjunctions 6. Signal Words & Clues 7. Rumus Subject-Verb 8. Sentence Patterns 9. Common Mistakes 10. Glosarium Inggris-Indo 11. Kunci & Strategi 12. Diagnostic & Roadmap

2. Verb Patterns: Gerund vs Infinitive & Causative Verbs

Soal TOEFL sangat sering menguji apakah suatu kata kerja diikuti oleh Gerund (-ing), Infinitive (to + V1), atau Bare Infinitive (V1 tanpa to).

Verb + Gerund (-ing)

Kata kerja yang wajib diikuti bentuk -ing:

admit appreciate avoid consider delay deny discuss dislike enjoy finish keep mention postpone practice quit recommend resist risk suggest

Contoh TOEFL:
The researcher avoided making assumptions.
Bukan: avoided to make

Verb + to Infinitive

Kata kerja yang wajib diikuti to + V1:

agree appear arrange ask claim decide demand deserve expect fail hesitate hope intend learn manage offer plan prepare refuse seem

Contoh TOEFL:
They decided to expand the laboratory.
Bukan: decided expanding

Pola Causative Verbs (Make, Have, Let, Get, Help)

Verb	Bentuk Aktif (Orang yang melakukan)	Bentuk Pasif (Benda yang dikenai)
make / let	Subject + make/let + Person + V1 (bare inf) The professor made students rewrite the paper.	-
have	Subject + have + Person + V1 (bare inf) She had her assistant prepare the data.	Subject + have + Thing + V3 (past participle) She had the data prepared.
get	Subject + get + Person + to + V1 (infinitive) He got the technician to fix the device.	Subject + get + Thing + V3 (past participle) He got the device fixed.